Originally shared by Buddhini SamarasingheBreast Cancers - identifying risks, optimizing screening"Breast cancer is a complex disease, it's not simply one switch going off and you have a cancer. It's a real mix between your genetic makeup, your environment, and your other risk factors, particularly hormone risk factors, when you have your children etc"Breast Cancer Screening initiatives have been under a lot of criticism lately in the media. See
http://goo.gl/MwZDJ and
http://goo.gl/6NFlG.
One of the main criticisms of screening initiatives is that of over-diagnosis; women who have a suspicious finding in their screening mammogram (which is then confirmed as cancer by a biopsy) then undergo unnecessary treatment for a cancer that is so tiny and slow growing that it would not have been a threat to the woman's health to begin with. Right now, it is extremely difficult for us to look at a cancer and
predict it's future. We can't look at a fuzzy shadow on an x-ray image and say "oh it's cool, that won't be something dangerous, don't worry about it". We can't afford to take that risk because we don't know enough, so we play it safe by recommending treatment for each and every diagnosis of cancer. Sometimes, that means unnecessary treatment, but that is the lesser of the two evils.
That status quo might change soon. New Genome-Wide Association studies (GWAS) are rapidly identifying genetic risk factors that predispose women to a higher risk of cancer. Armed with this knowledge, we might one day be able to evaluate risk factors for women more accurately based on their lifestyle, genetic background (including all the newly identified gene associations) and environment. Hopefully
that will then translate to more accurate screening programmes, resulting in fewer women having to undergo unnecessary treatments for cancers that are not life-threatening, and also helping to target treatments for women who
are are higher risk.
Watch this excellent video from The Guardian (click the link to the article with the embedded video), featuring Professor Gareth Evans describing these Genome-Wide Association studies for breast cancer.
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/video/2012/oct/25/breast-cancer-family-genetics-medicine-video